Fancy Rat

Rats need a tall, multi level wire cage with narrow bar spacing and solid floors: aim for a minimum of around 60 by 40 by 50 cm for a pair, and much larger for a group. Add ropes, hammocks, platforms, hides and deep litter, using paper based bedding and avoiding pine or cedar shavings which irritate their sensitive lungs. Give good ventilation but no draughts, and keep the cage clean since ammonia from urine worsens respiratory disease.

Feed a complete, balanced rat nappy or lab block as the staple, supplemented with small amounts of fresh vegetables, fruit and occasional lean protein. Fresh water must always be available from a bottle. Keep treats and fatty or sugary foods minimal to prevent obesity. Avoid a seed heavy muesli that lets them pick out fatty bits, and skip toxic items such as chocolate, citrus for males, and raw sweet potato.

Keep rats at a comfortable 18 to 26 degrees Celsius with good ventilation and low ammonia, as they are very sensitive to respiratory irritants and to heat above about 27 degrees Celsius. Provide moderate humidity and a natural light and dark cycle, since they are most active at dusk and night. Avoid aerosols, smoke and dusty bedding near the cage.

Rats are intensely social and should never live alone: keep at least a same sex pair or a small group, as isolation causes real distress. Same sex groups usually live together happily, and neutering can help mix sexes or calm hormonal males. They are highly trusting and enjoy frequent gentle handling, riding on shoulders and interactive play once bonded.

Rats crave mental stimulation: provide out of cage playtime daily, plus climbing ropes, hammocks, tunnels, digging boxes, foraging puzzles and new objects to investigate. They can learn to come when called and to do simple tricks for treats. Rotate toys and rearrange the cage to keep their clever minds busy.