糖尿病酮症酸中毒：糖尿病急症
糖尿病酮症酸中毒是糖尿病的危及生命的併發症。學會識別警告信號以及為何立即就醫至關重要。
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）是糖尿病的一种严重的、危及生命的并发症。当身体分解脂肪获取能量，产生酮体，使血液呈酸性时，就会发生这种情况。 DKA 会导致呕吐、脱水、电解质失衡，并可能导致昏迷和死亡。它需要立即紧急兽医护理。 RVC 为 DKA 提供 24/7 紧急治疗。请致电 +853 6677 6611。
要点
- DKA is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization
- Caused by untreated or poorly controlled diabetes
- Signs include vomiting, lethargy, sweet/fruity breath, rapid breathing, and collapse
- Mortality rate is 10-30% even with aggressive treatment
- Treatment requires IV fluids, insulin, electrolyte monitoring, and intensive care
- Prevention involves consistent insulin administration and regular glucose monitoring
What is DKA?
In diabetes, cells can't use glucose for energy due to lack of insulin. The body breaks down fat instead, producing ketones as a byproduct. Normally, ketones are used as fuel. But in DKA, ketones accumulate faster than they can be used, making the blood acidic (ketoacidosis). This causes dehydration, electrolyte disturbances (potassium, sodium, phosphorus), and organ dysfunction. DKA can develop over days or hours.
Risk Factors
DKA most commonly occurs in newly diagnosed diabetic pets before treatment begins, or in pets with poorly controlled diabetes. Triggers include: missed insulin doses, infection (UTI, skin infection, dental disease), pancreatitis, steroid medication, heat cycle in unspayed females, heart disease, and stress. Cats can develop DKA even with mild diabetes because they are prone to stress-induced hyperglycemia.
Symptoms
Early signs: increased thirst and urination, weight loss, decreased appetite, lethargy. As DKA worsens: vomiting, dehydration (sunken eyes, dry gums), sweet or fruity-smelling breath (ketones), rapid deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations — the body's attempt to correct acidity), weakness, confusion, and collapse. Some pets become hypothermic. The progression can be rapid — a pet that seemed stable in the morning may be critical by evening.
Treatment
DKA requires intensive hospitalization: IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, short-acting insulin (IV or IM) to lower blood glucose, potassium supplementation (insulin drives potassium into cells, causing dangerous hypokalemia), phosphorus monitoring and supplementation, bicarbonate therapy in severe acidosis, and antibiotics if infection is present. Frequent blood tests monitor glucose, electrolytes, and acid-base status. Hospitalization typically lasts 3-7 days.
何时立即去看兽医
- Vomiting in a diabetic pet
- Sweet or fruity breath
- Rapid or deep breathing
- Lethargy or weakness in a known diabetic
- Collapse or inability to stand
- ANY diabetic pet that seems unwell — better safe than sorry
RVC 如何提供帮助
DKA 是真正的紧急情况。 RVC 为糖尿病紧急情况提供 24/7 的重症监护。如果您的糖尿病宠物呕吐、昏昏欲睡或呼吸急促，请立即前来或致电 +853 6677 6611。
+853 6677 6611