Periodontal Disease: The Most Common Disease in Pets
Periodontal disease affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It's painful, progressive, and preventable.
Periodontal disease is inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth — the gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone. It starts with plaque (a biofilm of bacteria) that mineralizes into tartar. Left untreated, it progresses from mild gingivitis (reversible) to severe periodontitis with bone loss, tooth mobility, and systemic health effects.
- Affects over 80% of pets by age 3
- Starts as gingivitis (reversible) and progresses to periodontitis (irreversible)
- Bacteria from dental disease can damage the heart, liver, and kidneys
- The damage below the gumline is invisible without X-rays
- Regular professional cleanings prevent progression
- Home care between cleanings is essential
Stages of Periodontal Disease
Stage 1 (Gingivitis): Red, swollen gums that bleed easily. No bone loss. Reversible with professional cleaning and home care. Stage 2 (Early Periodontitis): Less than 25% bone loss. Gum recession begins. Stage 3 (Moderate Periodontitis): 25-50% bone loss. Teeth may be loose. Stage 4 (Severe Periodontitis): Over 50% bone loss. Teeth are mobile and painful. Extraction needed.
Systemic Effects
Dental disease isn't just about the mouth. Bacteria from infected gums enter the bloodstream and can damage the heart (endocarditis), liver, and kidneys. Studies show that treating dental disease can improve kidney values and heart health. This is why dental care is not cosmetic — it's a medical necessity.
Prevention
Daily tooth brushing is the most effective prevention. Professional dental cleanings at your vet remove tartar and assess below the gumline with X-rays. Dental diets and chews with the VOHC seal provide additional protection. Start dental care early in life for the best results.
Treatment
Early gingivitis can be reversed with professional cleaning and improved home care. Stage 2-3 disease requires professional cleaning with subgingival curettage (cleaning below the gumline). Stage 4 disease requires extraction of affected teeth. Antibiotics may be prescribed if infection is present. Pain management is always part of treatment.
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Bad breath
- Tartar buildup on teeth
- Reluctance to eat hard food
- Loose teeth
- Your pet hasn't had a dental exam in over a year
RVC
RVC provides complete periodontal treatment from professional cleanings to advanced extractions, all with dental X-rays and pain management. Call +853 6677 6611.
+853 6677 6611